Stone Base Calculator
Calculate the materials needed for a solid paver or patio stone base.
Quick Answer
A paver or patio base typically needs 4–6 inches of compacted crushed stone plus about 1 inch of bedding sand. Multiply area × depth in feet, divide by 27 for cubic yards, multiply by about 1.5 for tons, and add ~20% for compaction. A 200 sq ft patio at 4 inches ≈ 2.5 cubic yards of base.
Paver Base & Bedding Calculator Guide
The paver stone base material calculator is the most critical tool for a successful hardscape project. A patio is only as good as its foundation; this calculator estimates the precisely compacted volume of crushed stone (sub-base) and bedding sand (leveling layer) needed to prevent your pavers from shifting or sinking over time.
For residential patios and walkways, a 4-6 inch sub-base of angular crushed stone is standard, while driveways require 8-12 inches of reinforced base. This tool calculates the bulk tonnage required, including a compaction factor to ensure you have enough material after it's been tamped down. For the top joint sand, we recommend stone dust or polymeric sand for maximum stability.
Learn more about the best practices for base preparation in our guide on calculating stone coverage or check our dedicated compaction calculator for advanced engineering specs.
Build a Base That Won't Settle Under Your Project
A stone base only earns its name if it's compacted properly — loose stone is just a layer waiting to sink. Running a plate compactor over the material in two-inch lifts locks the angular pieces together into a firm, load-bearing layer that holds pavers, patios, and sheds level for years. Laying a geotextile fabric under the base first keeps that compacted stone from punching down into soft soil, which is the most common reason a base quietly disappears and settles.
Plate Compactor
Packs the base in lifts so the stone interlocks into a firm, no-settle layer.
Check Price on AmazonGeotextile Separation Fabric
Stops the compacted base from sinking into soft soil beneath it.
Check Price on AmazonThe product links above are affiliate links — at no extra cost to you.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the recommended depth for a paver base?
For patios and walkways, a compacted depth of 4-6 inches of crushed stone is standard. For driveways that will support vehicles, increase the depth to 8-12 inches. Our calculator allows you to specify your desired compacted depth.
What type of crushed stone is best for a paver base?
#57 crushed stone is widely recommended for paver bases. Its angularity allows for excellent compaction, creating a stable foundation. Ensure it's clean stone, free of excessive fines.
Do I need both crushed stone and sand for the base?
Yes. The crushed stone provides the main structural layer for load-bearing and drainage. The 1-inch layer of sand or stone dust on top is crucial for leveling the pavers and creating a smooth, consistent surface.
How much crushed stone do I need for a 10x10 patio base?
For a 10ft x 10ft patio (100 sq ft) with a 4-inch deep base, you will need approximately 1.25 cubic yards or 1.8 tons of crushed stone. Our calculator provides precise figures for your specific dimensions and depth.
How do I calculate the amount of sand for the leveling layer?
For a 1-inch leveling layer, you'll need approximately 0.03 cubic yards or 0.05 tons of sand per 100 square feet. Our calculator can provide this estimate when you specify the 'leveling layer' material.
Does compaction affect the amount of base material I need?
Yes. You order based on the *loose* volume needed to achieve your desired *compacted* depth. Our calculator accounts for the typical compaction rate of crushed stone (about 15-20%) to ensure you order enough material.