Stone Material Calculators

Choosing the right material is just as critical as getting your measurements correct. The type of stone you select impacts everything from the stability of your project to its final appearance and long-term durability. A crushed stone calculator and a gravel calculator might seem similar, but the materials themselves serve very different purposes. This guide will walk you through the most common materials to help you make an informed decision.

Crushed Stone: The Foundation of Durability

Crushed stone is a versatile aggregate known for its angular, interlocking pieces. Unlike smooth river rock or pea gravel, it is mechanically crushed from large rock formations, resulting in sharp edges that lock together when compacted. This makes it the ideal choice for foundational layers that require stability and load-bearing strength.

Best For: Driveway bases, sub-bases for patios and retaining walls, and drainage fields.
Key Feature: Excellent compaction. The angular nature prevents shifting, creating a solid, stable base that distributes weight evenly. See how this works with our Stone Compaction Calculator.
Common Sizes: Often referred to by numbers like #57 stone (a mix of 1 to 1.5-inch stones, great for drainage and driveways) or #3 stone (larger, for initial base layers).

Gravel and Pea Gravel: The Decorative Workhorse

Gravel generally refers to smaller, more rounded stones that have been naturally weathered by water. Pea gravel is a specific type of small, smooth, pea-sized gravel. Due to their rounded shape, these materials do not compact as well as crushed stone but are prized for their decorative qualities and comfortable walking surface.

Best For: Walkways, garden paths, playgrounds, decorative mulch replacement, and pipe bedding.
Key Feature: Excellent drainage and a smooth, aesthetically pleasing finish. It's more comfortable underfoot than sharp, angular stone.
Consideration: Because it doesn't lock in place, gravel often requires landscape edging to prevent it from migrating into lawns or other areas.

Stone Dust (Screenings): The Ultimate Compaction Agent

Stone dust, also known as screenings or paver base, is a fine powder-like material that is a byproduct of the crushing process. It's essentially the "sawdust" of stone crushing. Its fine texture allows it to fill the tiny voids between larger crushed stones, creating an incredibly firm and stable surface once compacted. Estimate your needs with the Stone Dust Calculator.

Best For: The final leveling layer just beneath pavers for patios and walkways, or as a binding agent mixed with larger aggregates.
Key Feature: Superior compaction. When moistened and compacted, stone dust forms a concrete-like base that is highly resistant to shifting and weed growth.

Understanding Density and Weight

Why does our stone material calculator need to know the material type? Because different stones have different densities. A cubic yard of dense sand will weigh significantly more than a cubic yard of lighter, more porous gravel. Our calculators use industry-standard densities to convert the volume you need (cubic yards) into the weight you'll order from the supplier (tons), ensuring you get exactly what you paid for.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the real difference between crushed stone and gravel?

The main difference is shape and how they are made. Crushed stone is man-made from crushing larger rocks, resulting in angular, jagged edges that interlock well. Gravel is a natural product, weathered by water into a smoother, more rounded shape. For stability (like a driveway base), choose crushed stone. For decoration or walkways, gravel is often preferred.

What does '#57 stone' mean?

#57 stone is a specific size grading for crushed stone, regulated by state highway departments. It generally refers to stones that are about 1 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Its size and angularity make it one of the most popular choices for driveway bases, drainage systems, and concrete aggregate. You can calculate it with our crushed stone tool.

How does stone density affect my calculation?

Density is crucial because most suppliers sell material by weight (tons), but you plan your project by volume (cubic yards). Our material comparison calculator uses the specific density of your chosen material (e.g., sand is denser than gravel) to accurately convert the volume you need into the weight you need to order, preventing costly miscalculations.

Can I use decorative river rock for a driveway?

It is generally not recommended. Decorative stones like river rock are smooth and rounded, meaning they will not lock together under pressure. When a car drives over them, they will shift, slide, and create ruts. For driveways, you need an angular, interlocking material like crushed stone for a stable, long-lasting surface.

What is stone dust used for?

Stone dust is a fine, powder-like material that is a byproduct of stone crushing. It's an excellent compaction material. Its primary use is as the final, thin leveling layer directly underneath patio pavers or flagstones, creating an incredibly firm and stable base that helps prevent weeds. Use our specific calculator for accurate estimates.

Why should I always order a little extra material?

We recommend adding a 5-10% 'waste factor' to your final estimate. This extra amount accounts for the natural settling and compaction of the material, any slight unevenness in your project's depth, and minor spillage during installation. Ordering a little extra upfront is far cheaper than paying for a second delivery fee later.